In 1962, New York lawyer James B. Donovan was given an unlikely mission: Facilitate the exchange of convicted Soviet spy Rudolf Abel for captured U.S. pilot Francis Gary Powers in hostile East Berlin.
The situation was, in fact, one that Donovan had predicted. Just five years earlier, the 46-year-old married father of four was assigned the unpopular task of defending Abel during his criminal trial—an example to the world that even spies get a fair shake in the American justice system. The case went all the way to the Supreme Court, and Donovan ultimately persuaded the court to spare Abel’s life arguing that he could be useful in the event of a hostage crisis.
When Donovan’s premonition came true, he was tapped to enter East Berlin alone, as a private citizen with no “official” support from the U.S. government, to negotiate the swap.
The Cold War tale is the basis for Steven Spielberg’s critically acclaimed movie “Bridge of Spies,” which stars Tom Hanks as Donovan and Mark Rylance, who just won an Oscar for his performance, as Abel. The film follows the humble lawyer, who later met with Fidel Castro to secure the release of thousands of prisoners in Cuba after the Bay of Pigs, on his first James Bond-like endeavor.
I recently caught up with three of Donovan’s adult children, Mary Ellen, John and Jan, to talk about their father’s legacy and the real-life events that inspired the movie.
David Onda: If you could sum it up in a few sentences, what kind of person was your father?
Mary Ellen Donovan: The movie captures him quite well, because he was a great study of people, and the movie showed that in so many ways. He would take it all in and respond accordingly. He was an incredible 360-degree person. He was very thoughtful, and it showed how much he loved the law. It was fascinating, because my father suffered fools poorly. And Abel was a very intellectual man who spoke four languages and was artistically inclined and read a lot, and so they recognized each other as two men who loved their own countries. Each loved their own country, and yet Dad wanted the entire world to see how America operates, how democracy and the constitution works for everybody.
John Donovan: I would echo that with respect to being discerning of individual characters of people we knew personally or people he dealt with in negotiations. That was the real key to the negotiation. It wasn’t a matter of trying to beat somebody at a game as if it were Gin Rummy, it was a matter of understanding what the other person needed and the extent to which you could meet those needs in exchange for what you wanted.
Jan Donovan: He had a dry sense of humor that was really amusing. And he had great expressions on his face. He could be so kind as a father. For instance, when I would call him at the office, he always said, “It’s so good to hear from you.” Not “I’m in a rush. I’m too busy. I can’t talk to you now.” He always had time. And at the end, he would say, “Thank you. Thank you for calling.” He was so kind as a father.
Onda: Your father was kind of thrown under the bus in the situation with Rudolf Abel. He was asked to defend this man but then rebuffed at every corner as he tried to do his job. Did he become cynical about our justice system after that experience?
Mary Ellen: Oh my, never. I never met a less cynical person. This is a man who was General Counsel of the O.S.S., Office of Strategic Services during World War II. And secondly, he was associate prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials, but his dastardly job was to collect all visual evidence. If you can survive that, David, you can anything.
Jan: At 27 years old.
John: I think that the Abel case, overall, was a great confirmation of America’s system of justice by which everybody should not only have a good and skilled defense, but even a good and skilled prosecution has to take place and an impartial judge. I recall that he felt that the final outcome of it all was perfect, because he got a 5-4 decision at the Supreme Court, which means that justice was served on the one hand—Abel was, after all, really a spy—but on the other hand, it’s clear that those Fourth Amendment considerations were taken very seriously. To him, it was a confirmation of our system of justice.
Onda: You mentioned the connection between your father and Abel, but as you mentioned, Abel did do the things he was accused of doing. How did your father feel about that? Did he care about his guilt?
John: He certainly did, as a citizen. He cared passionately about our system of justice. And he had been himself a commander in naval intelligence and a believer in our own intelligence system. He was an American Legion commander, in fact, at the very time he was undertaking that defense, and so he was a very patriotic, loyal American, which played into his concern both in national security and for the defense of the poor and the unpopular, which is America’s finest attribute.
Mary Ellen: It’s very, very interesting that he can go from World War II, right into Russian spies, right into Cuba and then he’s president of the Board of Education of New York City during busing and integration issues and then became president of [Pratt Institute] in the middle of a student uprising throughout the United States. We were picketed constantly. [laughs] We got picketed because he was a “commie lover.” We got picketed when the Board of Education had the busing issues. And we got picketed again during student uprisings. It was a family affair, David.
Onda: Something that really stuck out to me as I watched “Bridge of Spies” was the loneliness of being out in Germany during this time. I can’t imagine how he felt being out there on this solo mission. What did he talk about in regards to his time in Berlin? Was he ever frightened?
Mary Ellen: You know, it was interesting, and this is a fascinating point – he was not government. He was an individual lawyer who went in there, so it really helped to get the job done because it made him very fluid. The same occurred with Cuba, because he went in there alone. He had a tracking device on him when he was in Cuba. He was on his own there, too. I think he relished it, frankly. He always had a sense of drama and the O.S.S. in him came out. He relished it. He was never a man to be frightened of anything.
John: I think one of the keys was the fact that he had a constant sense of what was real. That situation is one in which somebody trying to figure it out could have been knocked around by those two different parties, the Russians and the East Germans, and you’d be so dizzy you wouldn’t know which way was up unless you really kept in mind: “Who’s really in charge here?” And that was the Russians, of course. He didn’t take the East Germans very seriously, and it’s a good thing, because that was reality. And he wasn’t gonna be knocked from one side to the other side. Both the Russians and the East Germans were trying to play this fantasy that the East Germans had real power in the situation, but he wasn’t accepting that. He kept his eyes on the prize.
Jan: That’s the part though, that made me emotionally sad, when I saw the harsh conditions and how he was truly alone, as you said, David.
Onda: I get the sense that your father was a humble man. It’s funny that he now has the greatest living actor Tom Hanks portraying him in a movie. How would he feel about that?
John: He was very careful about anything that looked like he was personally trying to call attention to himself. He didn’t want that as a person or as a lawyer, especially back in those days when self-laudatory comments were looked down upon by the legal profession. He was extremely conscious of that and very careful. Sometimes he would get criticized for undertaking this task, and he had an encounter once with someone in the Bar Association, who said to him, “Don’t you feel guilty sometimes about this?” And his response was to explain to him—and he was shocked that he had to explain this to another lawyer—it was a humble privilege to be able to participate in something like this. He didn’t see it as some kind of thing by which to burnish his ego or anything like that. That was far from the role that he envisioned for himself.
Mary Ellen: I think all three of us are very grateful that we were born and raised in Brooklyn. Brooklyn can keep you real.
Onda: What was it like when your father was gone on this mission? Did any of you or your mother have suspicions about what he was up to, and did you actually find out about his involvement while watching TV?
Jan: I did. I had been away in school and didn’t know anything about him being in Berlin, and when I got back to my room at school, the girls were all running up to me saying they had heard something on the radio. And then I got a call from one of the CIA agents, and so I did go to see him. I was first person in the family to see him when he got back [in Washington]. He was completely exhausted, of course. The higher-ups at school, the authorities, would not allow me to fly back to New York with him. Can you imagine, to be greeted by hundreds of reporters at the airport in New York? That was always a disappointment for me, for sure.
Mary Ellen: And for John and I, we were in our apartment and it was two o’clock in the morning and a reporter called the house. We thought he was off golfing in Scotland. Agents were sending us, periodically, a postcard. He had filled out postcards and an agent in Scotland was sending them to us. We thought he was having a well-deserved holiday in St. Andrews in Scotland. I remember it so well when the phone rang and woke my mother up and the reporter was saying, “You must be so proud, you must be so happy with what he’s accomplished.” She was confused, she said, “Did he get a hole in one?”
Jan: Typical mom.
Mary Ellen: My brother and I were astonished, because by the next morning, way into the night, we must have had 100 newspaper, radio and television people in our apartment.
Onda: If you were watching “Bridge of Spies” with an audience and could point out some of the little things you love about it, what would you point out?
Jan: The recreation of Brooklyn is amazing. And, also, Berlin. From what I hear about Berlin today, it’s completely modern. Steven Spielberg did such an amazing job. It’s so beautifully done.
John: I’d say, number one, the argument at the Supreme Court, which in fact I attended. I don’t remember it that clearly, it was 1959, a long time ago, but to see Hanks getting up there and saying, “Let’s tell the world who we are,” with such conviction – that was dad’s type of conviction and worthy of general emulation, I think.
Mary Ellen: The first is with him sitting with Abel and there was a close-up of Tom Hanks with his hand near his face, pondering, thinking. His whole demeanor was very much my father. My most breath-taking moment is at the bridge when Mark Rylance is pulled up in a car and he comes out and he’s a little befuddled, he’s not quite sure where he is and he looks around and sees Tom Hanks, my father, and he says only one word: “Jim.” It just absolutely breaks my heart, because in a singular word, you can hear respect, you can hear affection, you can hear thankfulness. It’s a beautiful little scene, and he only says one word.
“Bridge of Spies” is now available with XFINITY On Demand, as well as on Blu-ray and DVD. Click here for more information.
The opinions expressed are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Comcast.
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